Unit1 Can you play the guitar?
◆重点短语
1. play chess 下国际象棋
2. play the guitar 弹吉他
3. speak English 说英语
4. English club 英语俱乐部
5. talk to 跟…说
6. play the violin 拉小提琴
7. play the piano 弹钢琴
8. play the drums 敲鼓
9. make friends 结交朋友
10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫
11. tell stories 讲故事
12. play games 做游戏
13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
1. play +棋类/球类 下…棋/打…球
2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉…乐器
3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好
5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事
7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿…
8. join the…club 加入…俱乐部
9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事
◆典句必背
1. —Can you draw? 你会画画吗？
—Yes, I can./No, I can’t. 是的，我会。/不，我不会。
2. —What club do you want to join? 你想加入哪个俱乐部？
—I want to join the chess club. 我想加入国际象棋俱乐部。
3. You can join the English club. 你可以加入英语俱乐部。
4. Sounds good./That sounds good. 听上去很好。
5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. 我会说英语也会踢足球。
6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. 请给米勒夫人拨打电话555-3721。
◆话题写作
主题：介绍自己特长/强项
Dear Sir,
I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English.
My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I'm a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.
I hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Mike
Unit2 What time do you go to school?
◆短语归纳
1. what time 几点
2. go to school 去上学
3. get up 起床
4. take a shower 洗淋浴
5. brush teeth 刷牙
6. get to 到达
7. do homework 做家庭作业
8. go to work 去上班
9. go home 回家
10. eat breakfast 吃早饭
11. get dressed 穿上衣服
12. get home 到家
13. either…or… 要么…要么…
14. go to bed 上床睡觉
15. in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16. take a walk 散步
17. lots of=a lot of 许多，大量
18. radio station 广播电台
19. at night 在晚上
20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到
◆用法集萃
1. at + 具体时间点 在几点（几分）
2. eat breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
3. thirty/half past +基数词 …点半
4. fifteen/a quarter to +基数词 差一刻到…点
5. take a/an+名词 从事…活动
6. from…to… 从…到…
7. need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
1. —What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点钟起床？
—I usually get up at six thirty. 我通常6:30起床。
2. That’s a funny time for breakfast. 那是个有趣的早餐时间。
3. —When do students usually eat dinner? 学生们通常什么时候吃完饭？
—They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening. 他们通常在晚上6:45吃晚饭。
4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
在晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。
5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch.
在十二点，她午餐吃很多水果和蔬菜。
6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.她知道它对她没好处，但是尝起来很好。
7. Here are your clothes. 这是你的衣服。
◆话题写作
主题：谈论日常作息习惯
My School Day
I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed.
Unit3 How do you get to school?
◆短语归纳
1. get to school 到达学校
2. take the subway 乘地铁
3. ride a bike 骑自行车
4. how far 多远
5. from home to school 从家到学校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
8. by bike 骑自行车
9. bus stop 公共汽车站
10. think of 认为
11. between…and… 在…和…之间
12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 13.
play with… 和…玩
14. come true 实现
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take…to…= go to…by… 乘…去…
2. How do/does sb get to…? 某人是怎样到…的？
3. How far is it from…to…? 从…到…有多远？
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间？
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…
7. Thanks for + n./Ving 感谢你（做）某事。
◆典句必背
1. —How do you get to school? 你怎么去上学？
—I ride my bike. 我骑自行车。
2. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？
3. How long does it take you to get to school? 去上学花费你多久？
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对很多学生来说，很容易到达学校。
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在他们学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河流。
◆话题写作
主题：上学的交通方式
写作思路：②开篇点题：点出自己的出行方式；②具体内容：自己选择这种交通方式的原因；③结束语: 表明自己的观点。
The Best Way for Me to Go to School
Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.
First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.
So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?
Unit4 Don’t eat in class.
◆短语归纳
1. on time 准时，按时
2. listen to… 听……
3. in class 在课上
4. be late for 做……迟到
5. have to 不得不
6. be quiet 安静
7. go out 外出
8. do the dishes 清洗餐具
9. make breakfast 做早饭
10. make (one’s) bed 铺床
11. be noisy 吵闹
12. keep one’s hair short 留短发
13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩
14. play the piano 弹钢琴
15. have fun 玩得高兴
16. make rules 制订规则
◆用法集萃
1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他。 不要做某事。
2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
6. be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
7. leave sth sp. 把某物落在某地
8. keep+宾语+形容词 使……保持某种状态
9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
◆典句必背
1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗？
3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。
4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则！
5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里！
6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。
◆话题写作
主题：规则
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them.
We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.
I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Ming
Unit5 Why do you like pandas?
◆短语归纳
1. kind of 有几分，有点儿
2. be from/come from 来自于
3. South Africa 南非
4. all day 整天
5. for a long time 很长时间
6. get lost 迷路
7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方
8. cut down 砍倒
9. in (great) danger 处于（极大）危险之中
10. twelve years old 十二岁
11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西
◆用法集萃
1. —Why…? 为什么……？
—Because… 因为……
2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
4. one of+名词复数 ……之一
5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
◆典句必背
1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫？
—Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。
2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊？
—Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。
3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎？
—Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。
4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里？
—They’re from
5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。
6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。
7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是，大象处于极大危险之中。
8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.
人们砍倒了许多树，因此，大象渐渐失去它们的家园。
9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)
现在仅有大约3000头大象（之前超过10万头大象）。
10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗？
◆话题写作
主题：介绍自己喜欢的动物
The Animal I Like
There are many kinds of animals in the world. What animal do I like? Let’s know her.
Many people like her very much. I also like her. She is from
What animal is she? She is a panda. I like panda very much. Do you like her? What animal do you like?
Unit6 I’m watching TV.
◆短语归纳
1. watch TV 看电视
2. read a newspaper 看报纸
3. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈
4. listen to music 听音乐
5. use the computer 使用电脑
6. make soup 做汤
7. wash the dishes 洗餐具
8. kind of 有点儿
◆用法集萃
1. —What + be+ 主语+ doing? ……正在做什么？
—主语+ be + doing sth. ……正在做某事。
2. I’d love/like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。
3. any other+可数名词单数 其他任何一个……
4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
◆典句必背
1. —Why are you doing? 你在做什么？
—I’m watching TV. 我在看电视。
2. —What’s she doing? 她在做什么？
—She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。
3. —What are they doing? 他们在做什么？
—They’re listening to a CD. 他们在听一张CD 唱片。
4. —Are you doing your homework? 你在做你的家庭作业吗？
—Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room. 是的，我在做。/不，我没有。我在打扫我的房间。
5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.
朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口粽子。
◆话题写作
主题：描述正在发生的事情
It’s seven o’clock in the evening. Kate’s family are all at home.
Kate is doing her homework. Her father is reading a book. Her mother is watching TV. Her grandfather is listening to the radio and her grandmother is cleaning the room. Her sister, Betty, is playing computer games.
They are all enjoying themselves.
Unit1 what' s the matter?
1. It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的。
2. 情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下，多喝水。
3. maybe与may be
（1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
（2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
（1）few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义， 有几个。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
（2）little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
...until/till 直到......（肯定句）动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit2 I'll help clean the city parks.
1. 短语动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种：
（1）动词+副词 如：give up 放弃；turn off 关掉；stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
（2）动词+介词 如：listen of 听；look at 看；belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
（3）动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出； run out of 用完，耗尽
（4）动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加；catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of 连用
every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
4. spend...doing... 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
6. run out 与 run out of
（1）run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
（2）run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
（1）结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
（2）算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能，会
be unable to do 不能，不会
10. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
14. train n. 火车 v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如：
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如：
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
1. 关于 to 的短语总结
have to do sth. 不得不/必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
2. ---Could you please clean your room?
---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
---Could I please use the car?
---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样：
如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. get
( 1 ) 买
get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到，到达
Where did you get the book?
When did you get the letter?
He got home late last night.
（3）使，让，get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人/某物怎么样
Please get you coat clean.
Get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday.
（4）( 逐渐) 变得…...
The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about/ what about 后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。
（1）向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk?
How about something to eat?
（2）向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ?
How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m forty years old. How about you?
I’m from Beijing. How about you?
3. receive 收到
The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受
He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
She was very glad to receive the invitation.
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
6-year-old 是由“数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。
“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房
a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典
5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb。
He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。
too...to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.
She is too young to do the work .
= She isn’t old enough to do the work .
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别
（1）pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。
（2）spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 )，主语是人。
sb. spend some money on sth.
sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。
（3）cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物。
sth. cost sb. some money.
This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。
（4）take 花费 (时间 )，主语形式主语为It.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花费某人多少时间做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 刘红花了2个小时做作业。
7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
（1）sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作。
I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累，想睡觉。
（2）sleeping, sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。
Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。
（3）sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的。
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。
（4）asleep 睡着了的。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。
（5）fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间。
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。
（6）be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。
He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。
8. open
( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？
( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。
9. close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
10. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.
家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。
11. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”
make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
Tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。
12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗？
Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。
13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我们交朋友吗？
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. arrive at 到达(小地方)
arrive in到达(大地方)
reach 到达
get to 到达
I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .
= I got to Beijing last night .
如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)
in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范围内的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大树。
I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。
3. take off
（1）起飞
When did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞？
（2）脱下(衣帽等)
He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。
（3）取消
They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。
4. get out (of ) … 从……离开/出去/下来
A car stopped and a girl got out of it.
但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来, 用get off…
5. follow
（1）跟随 I followed him up he hill. 我跟着他上了山.
（2）沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.
（3）听懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。
（4）follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个故事。
6. shout at 大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要对他大叫，他还太小。
shout to 大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。
7. happen 发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生
（1）happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。
（2）sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.
take place 发生
（1）按计划进行或按计划发生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.
（2）(运动/ 活动/会议等) 举行
The meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下星期五举行。
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务
Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。
8. anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.
Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？
somewhere 某个地方，用于肯定句。
come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。
everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。
11. silence 名词, 寂静/无声
There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。
Keep in silence. 保持沉默.
silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的
The old house was quite silent. 这所老房子寂静无声。
The cat moved on silent feet. 那只猫无声地走动着。
12. hear 听到
Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听到有人敲门了吗？
（1）hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词
I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。
Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
（3）hear from 收到某人的来信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
（1）名词经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词
Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
（2）动词 经历, 感觉
The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
experienced 形容词 有经验的
be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。
14. as … as … 和…… 一样… 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。
He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？
= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇
He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故
Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident 偶然, 意外地
We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
18. think about 考虑 (某个计划 )
They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。
think of 认为 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
think over 仔细思考
We need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
19. 感叹句
what 引导的感叹句
（1）What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
（2）What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !
（3）What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !
（4）What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !
（5）What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
（6）What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !
规律：what + ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !
名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a/an。
how 引导的感叹句
（7）How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
（8）How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
20. 过去进行时
过去进行时的用法
（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么？
When I called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。
（2）过去某段时间正在进行的动作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么？
I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
过去进行时的构成
（1）肯定句：主语 + was / were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（2）否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
（3）疑问句：was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ？
肯定回答：Yes , 主语 + was / were .
否定回答：No, 主语 + was / were + not .
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1. What do you think about/of...?
So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事如何？
2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth...
It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because...
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4. … so… that+从句
Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。
5. It takes sb. some time to do sth...
Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。
6. ...not...until十从句 直到......才......
Don’t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
7. shoot v.射，射击，过去式shot
Hou Yi shoots the sun. 后羿射日。
shoot at sth. 瞄准/朝......射击
8. as soon as…“一…...就...…，刚...…就...…”
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就把消息告诉他。
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。
9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two gods to take the mountains away.
(1) move v. 打动；使感动
be moved (by sth./sb.) （被某人/事）感动
I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良打动了。
(2)take (…) away（把......）带走，拿走
Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in the station. 当我在车站等车的时候，有人拿走了我的iphone。
take out 带出去，拿出去
take turns (to do…) 轮流做某事
10. remind v.“提醒，使想起”，及物动词
(1) remind sb. of sth. 让我们想起某事
The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照片让我想起了我的童年。
(2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事：
My parents often remind me to study hard. 我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。
11. I think it’s a little bit silly. 我认为那有点儿傻。
a little bit 意为“有点儿”，后加形容词，相当于a little，a bit
This is a little bit difficult for me. 这对我来说有点难。
12. turn...into... “把......变成......”
Please turn this into English. 请把这个译成英语。
Joan is turning into a skilled musician. 琼正在变成一个技艺精湛的音乐家。
13. at other times “平时，有时，在其他时候”
At other times he doesn’t have to get up at all. 平时他根本不必起来。
Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we went to climb the mountains. 我们有时候去海滩，有时去爬山。
14. come out
(1) 出版
That magazine comes out every Monday. 那本杂志每周一出版。
(2) 出来，出现，开花
The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出来了。
(2) 传出，真相大白
The truth has come out at last. 最后真相大白了。
15. become interested in，对…...感兴趣 = be interested in，后接名词，代词，动名词
I became interested in piano. 我对钢琴感兴趣。
16. whole adj. 全部的，整体的
whole后通常跟可数名词，前加the/this/ my等形容词性物主代词修饰
The old man told us the whole story. 老人给我们讲了整个故事。
all也指”所有的”，修饰可数或不可数名词，放在the/ this/ my等词前。
17. be made of… 由......制成，看得出原材料；
be made from… 由......制成，看不出原材料。
Unit1 How can we become good learners?
【重点短语】
1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话
2. too…to… 太……而不能
3. the secret to… ……的秘诀
4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
5. look up 查阅
6. repeat out loud 大声跟读
7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误
8. connect ……with… 把……和……连接/联系起来
9. get bored 感到厌烦
10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的
11. pay attention to 注意；关注
12. depend on 取决于；依靠
13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力
【考点详解】
1. by + doing 通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论
The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多）
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？
如：Why don't you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？
如：Why not go shopping?
④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…...吧。
如： Let's go shopping
⑤Shall we/I + do sth.? 我们/我...…好吗？
如：Shall we/I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多，常用于句末。
如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to... 太…...而不能
常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.
如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。
①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。
如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。
如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not…at all 一点也不，根本不
如：I like milk very much, but I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，但是我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。
8. be/get excited about sth. 对…...感到兴奋
9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事
如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词with）
如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次）
11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
too 也 （用于肯定句）常在句末 （它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的位置）
12. make mistakes 犯错
如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误
如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语）
如：Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…，乐意做…（这是一个非常重要的考点）
如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +（the+ 形容词最高级）+名词复数形式 : …其中之一（这一题主要考两点，一是最高级，一是名词复数，大家做题的时候要小心）
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It's +形容词+（for sb. ） to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事…
如：It's difficult （for me ） to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English。
20. practice doing 练习做某事 （practice后面接动名词，这一点有可能考到）
如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事（重要考点，大家需要记住decide后面跟的是不定式，也就是to do）
如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard. 假如你不努力你就会失败。
23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气
26. perhaps = maybe 也许
27. go by （时间） 过去 . 如：Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb / sth doing 看见某人正在做某事（如果是看到正在做什么，要用动词ing形式，考的较多的也是动词ing形式）
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … ；把…...看作为...…
如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 许多，修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多，修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk（要区分too many 和 too much只要记住它们修饰什么词就可以了）
much too 太，修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful（too much和much too意思不同，大家不要混淆它们的意思，这种单词容易出解析题）
32.change…into… 将…变为…
33. with the help of sb. = with one's help 在某人的帮助下（注意介词of和with，容易出题）
如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLei's help 在李雷的帮助下
34. compare…to… 把…比作...（另外，大家要注意另一个短语，compare...with...，这也是一个重要的短语，意思是：拿…和…比较）
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词
instead of sth/doing sth 代替，而不是 （这个地方考的较多的就是instead of doing sth，也是就说如果of后面跟动词，要用动名词形式，也就是动词的ing形式）
如：I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
Unit2 I think that moon cakes are delicious!
【短语归纳】
1. the Lantern Festival 元宵节
2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
3. the Water Festival 泼水节
4. be fun to watch 看着很有意思
5. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐
6. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅
7. in two weeks 两星期之后
8. be similar to... 与.......相似
17. end up最终成为;最后处于
18. share sth. with sb. 与……分享……
19. as a result 结果
20. dress up 乔装打扮
21. haunted house 鬼屋
22. call out 大声呼喊
23. remind sb. of 使某人想起
24. sound like 听起来像
25. treat sb. with. 用/以……对待某人
26. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始
【考点详解】
1. What + a(n) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他）！ 多么……的……!
2. How + 形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ ……多么……!
3. be going to 将要/打算……
4. in + 时间段 在……后
5. give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物；把某物给某人
6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
7. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
8. one of + 名词复数形式 ……之一
【重点语法】
一. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。三大考点：引导词、时态和语序。其中，语序必须是陈述句语序。
1. 常由下面的一些词引导：
①由that 引导，表示陈述意义，that可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
②由if , whether引导，表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
③由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导，表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？
2. 从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
二. 感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。
感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。现分述如下：
1. 由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
①可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
②可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
③可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！
2. 由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
①可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：
How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！
②可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
③可用句型：“ How＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How time flies! 光阴似箭！
3. 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：
How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!
Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
【重要短语】
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
2. be afraid of 害怕
3. from time to time 时常；有时
4. turn red 变红
5. take up 开始做，从事，占据（时间、空间）
6. deal with 对付；应付
7. not…any more 不再
8. tons of attention 很多关注
9. worry about 担心
10. be careful 当心
11. hang out 闲逛
12. give up 放弃
13. thank about 考虑
14. a very small number of… 极少数的……
15. be alone 独处
16. give a speech 做演讲
【考点详解】
1. ①问路常用的句子：
Do you know where is … ?
Can you tell me how can I get to …？
Could you tell me how to get to …？
②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情
③Could you tell me how to get to the park? 请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？
上面句子中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句（这一点要搞清楚，它不是宾语从句），相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）
I don't know how to solve the problem=I don't know how I can solve the problem. 我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？
2. 日常交际用语：
take the elevator / escalator to the … floor 乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn left / right == take a left / right 向左/ 右转
go straight 向前直走（straight这个词经常考）
3. next to 旁边、紧接着（常见短语）
Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。
4. between…and… 在…和…之间
Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。
5. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？
上面句子中的to hang out修饰前面的名词place，是不定式作定语。
6. expensive 贵的 反义词：inexpensive 不贵的
7. crowded 拥挤的 反义词：uncrowded 不拥挤的
8. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假
9. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成
He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
10. on the beach 在海滩上，介词用 on
11. depend on 根据、依靠、依赖、取决于
Living things depend on the sunlight. 生物对阳光有依赖性。
That depends on how you did it. 那取决于你怎样做这件事。
12. prefer 动词，更喜欢、宁愿，常用的结构有：
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事
I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/to do 宁愿做某事
I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢…
I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
（我再次强调一下，prefer的用法真的很重要，这不是开玩笑~）
13. on the other hand 另一方面（一方面：on one hand. 对于这样的短语大家完全可以放在作文中，这样可以使文章增色不少）
14. 把…借给某人：lend sb. sth. = lend sth to sb.（反义词：borrow..from..）
Lily lent me her book = Lily lent her book to me . 莉莉把她的书借给了我。
15. I'm sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
16. in a way 在某种程度说
17. in order to do srh 为了…， 表目的。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
18. 同级比较：as…as...
as + 形容词/副词原级 + as , 表示“和…一样的…”
He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。
【重点语法】宾语从句（见Unit2重点语法部分）
Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark.
【重点短语】
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣
2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员
3. be terrified of 害怕
4. gym class 体操课
5. worry about 担心
6. all the time 一直，总是
7. chat with 与…闲聊
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学
take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘车去上学
10. as well as 不仅…而且...
【考点详解】
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 (这个知识点考的很多，大家要注意这个短语的意思，还要记着used后面用的是不定式to do)
如：He used to play football after school.
放学后他过去常常踢足球。
2. play the piano 弹钢琴（play后面如果跟西洋乐器，大家记住，中间要加the，如果是中国乐器，不加the，如：play erhu）
3. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣(对于这两个用法大家一定要掌握，切记切记)
如：He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
4. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物（对于interested和interesting要区分清楚，一个主语往往是人，一个主语往往是物）
5. be terrified of sth. 害怕…… 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做…… 如：I am terrified of speaking.
6. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”（spend和pay for它们的主语都是人，这一点大家要清楚）
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）（重要考点）
②spend…（in）doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 （重要考点，尤其要注意动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）
如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着上。
He spend 3 months (in) building the bridge. 他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
7. take : 动词 ,有“花费时间”的意思，常用的结构有：
It takes sb to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间（在这个用法中，主语经常是it，这一点要清楚，大家仔细看一下下面的例子）。
如：It takes me a day to read the book.
8. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊
如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。
9. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 , worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 , worried 是形容词
如：Don't worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
10. all the time 一直，始终
11. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方
如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
12. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有。 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，
如：I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
13. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用 如：
I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
14. be different from 与...…不同（常见考点，考的最多的是它的意思，大家只需要记住它的意思，做题的时候具体问题再具体分析即可）
15. 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。
如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
16. make sb./sth. + 形容词 make you happy
make sb./sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
17. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
18. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… （重要考点）
如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
19. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人（注意介词with，在某方面帮助要用这个介词）
help sb（to）do sth. 帮某人做某事（to经常省略）
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me（to）study English. 她帮助我学习英语。
20. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 ,15岁的（有一点要提醒大家，中间的year用的是单数）如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
fifteen years old 指年龄，15岁。
21. can't afford to do sth. 支付不起……
can't afford sth. 支付不起…
如：I can't afford to buy the car.=I can't afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
22. as + 形容词/副词+ as sb+could/can 尽某人所能
如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
23. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
24. in the end 最后
25. make a decision ：下决定，下决心
26. to one's surprise ：令某人惊讶（往往出现在完型中，让我们填surprise）
如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶
to LiLei's surprise 令李雷惊讶
27. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪
如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
28. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心
如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
29. be able to do sth. 能够，有能力做某事
如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
30. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事（注意up后面用的是动词的ing形式）
如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
31. 不再 ①no more =no longer
如：I play tennis no more.我不再打网球。
②not …any more = not …any longer 如：
I don't play tennis any longer. 我不再打网球。
【重点语法】
反意疑问句
反义疑问句遵循这样一个原则，前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。
1. 肯定陈述句+否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn't she?
2. 否定陈述句+肯定提问 如：She doesn't come from China, does she?
3. 提问部分用代词而不用名词 如：Lily is a student, isn't she?
4. 陈述句中含有否定意义的词 如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等，其反意疑问句用肯定式（对于第四点大家不要忽视，尤其是列举的这几个词，出题的时候经常遇到，对于下面的两个例子大家要仔细看一下，要把这个知识点彻底搞懂）。
如：He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？
5. 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：Your father is unhappy, isn't he?
The man is dishonest, isn't he?
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn't it?
Unit5 What are the shirts made of?
【重点短语】
1. be made of 由……制造
2. be made in 在……制造
3. environmental protection 环境保护
4. be famous for 以……而著名
5. be produced in 在……生产
6. be known for 以……闻名
7. as far as I know 据我所知
8. pick by hand 手工采摘
9. send for 发送
10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
11. everyday things 日用品
【考点详解】
1. made of 由……制（构）成，后接构成某物质的原料。
例：This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。
be made of/from/up of的区别
（1）be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。
例：The kite is made of paper．风筝是用纸做的。
（2）be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。
例：The paper is made from wood．纸是木头做的。
Butter is made from milk. 黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。
（3）be made up of 用……构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。
例：Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。
2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。
句型“It seems that…”意为“看起来好像/似乎……”，其中seem是连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，句型中的it是形式主语，不能用其他代词来替代。
例：It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。
seem的几种常见结构：
（1）seem to do sth此句型可与“It seems that…”转换。
例：They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.
他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。
（2）seem+形容词
例：My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。
（3）seem+名词
例： That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不错。
3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.
当茶叶成熟时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。
此句是由when 引导的时间状语从句，are picked, are sent都是一般现在时的被动结构。
例：When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.
当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。
4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。
此句为由"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导让步状语从句。意为“无论….”，相当于whatever。
例：No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.
无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。
5. find out, 查出，找到。
例：The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.
警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。
find，find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。
① find意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。
Will you find mea pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗？
② look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。
例：I’m looking for my pen everywhere. 我正到处找我的钢笔。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
③ find out意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
例：Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.
【重点语法】
一般现在时的被动语态
一. 概念理解
1. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。
如：He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。（help这个动作经常发生often；故用一般现在时）
2. 语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
① 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。
如： The tall boy often hits his classmates （主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者）。
② 主语是动作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成
如： Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world（主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者）。
3. 语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态和时态，他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。
如：① He is looking after his sister at home. （此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构）
② He is being looked after well by his parents. （此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构）
二. 被动语态最基本的句型结构： be +及物动词过去分词
说明：① be 有时态，人称和数的变化。
② 被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。
三. 被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。
Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
如：The cup was broken by Paul.
四. 主动语态变被动语态的变法： 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
五. 一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +done
如：Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。
Unit6 When was it invented?
【重点短语】
1. by accident 偶然地；意外地
2. without doubt 毫无疑问的；的确
3. by mistake 错误地
4. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
5. take place 发生；出现
6. all of a sudden 突然；猛地
7. divide…into… 把……分成......
8. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
9. the style of ……的样式
10. be used for 被用于……
【考点详解】
1. invent v. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
invention n. 发明
2. be used for doing 用来做…（是被动语态）（这个短语的考点有两点，一是used for的意思，二是for后面用动名词）
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。
3. 给某人某样东西 give sth. to sb.
I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth.
I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
4. all day 整天
5. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
6. by mistake 错误地（犯错：make mistake，这些常见的短语大家务必要掌握）
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
8. by accident 意外，偶然（常见短语，考的最多的是它的意思）
I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
9. not…until… 直到…才…（重中之重，这个用法非常重要！）
I didn't go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
10. according to +名词，根据…
according to this article 根据这篇文章
11. over an open fire 野饮
12. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
13. nearby adj. 附近的
14. fall into 落入，掉进
The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。
fall down 摔倒
She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。
15. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面
quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
17. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快，高兴。指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴
18. battery-operated adj. 电池控制的，是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
19. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
20. travel around 周游
21. more than == over 超过（相比较，more than更重要）
more than 300 == over 300 超过300
22. including 包括，可以与名词和动名词连用
Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
23. have been played 被上演 ,是现在完成时的被动语态，现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have/has been +过去分词。
4. be born 出生 （常见短语）
He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生。
25. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
26. knock into 撞上（某人）
27. divide sth. into…，将…划分成...，通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分
Let's divide ourselves into 4 groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
28. since then 从那以后，常与完成时态连用
【重点语法】
一般过去时的被动语态
1. 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
2. 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时的被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词
A lot of trees were planted here last year.
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词（关于被动语态，大家一定要熟悉，这个在中考的时候属于是必考内容，而且是重点内容）
关于被动语态更多内容，详见Unit5重点语法部分。